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Portugal Golden Visa 2025 – Ultimate Guide to Residency by Investment

Portugal Golden Visa 2025 – Ultimate Guide to Residency by Investment

Table of Contents

Portugal’s Golden Visa (residence permit for investment, or ARI) is a renowned residency-by-investment program that has granted over 12,700 global investors and their families a pathway to European residency since its launch in. By making a qualifying investment in Portugal, non-EU citizens obtain a Portuguese residence permit – and after five years, become eligible for permanent residency or citizenship, unlocking one of Europe’s most powerful passports. This comprehensive guide will cover everything you need to know about the Portugal Golden Visa in 2025, including recent legislative updates, all investment options (with a spotlight on Mercan’s fund), eligibility requirements, the step-by-step application process, timelines, costs, tax implications, and frequently asked questions. We’ll also provide tips tailored for U.S. investors and an SEO analysis of how this page can outperform competitors.

What is the Portugal Golden Visa Program?

The Portugal Golden Visa is a residency-by-investment initiative launched by the Portuguese government in October 2012 to attract international capital during the post-2008 financial. In exchange for a qualifying investment in Portugal (such as in funds or businesses), eligible foreign investors receive a temporary residence permit that can lead to Portuguese citizenship in as little as five years, provided they meet the program’s. Over the past decade, the Golden Visa program has funneled over €7.5 billion into Portugal’s, making it one of the world’s most successful investment migration programs.

Recent Updates (2022–2025): No More Real Estate, New Rules

The Golden Visa program has evolved significantly in recent years, especially with a major policy shift in late 2023. Under the “Mais Habitação” law introduced on October 6, 2023, Portugal ended the real estate route for Golden. This means investors can no longer qualify by buying property in Portugal – an option that had accounted for the majority of past visas (over 11,000 real estate investments were approved through 2023). Additionally, large capital transfers of €1.5 million+ and any fund investments tied to real estate were eliminated as qualifying options

What remains in 2025 is a refined set of investment pathways (detailed in the next section) focusing on business, funds, and cultural or scientific. Importantly, these changes do not affect existing Golden Visa holders – all rights to renew, include family, and apply for permanent residency or citizenship are preserved for those already in the. The Portuguese government has emphasized that the Golden Visa program continues, albeit with these new restrictions, so new applicants in 2025 can still pursue Portuguese residency by investment (just through different routes)

Another positive update is procedural: the time that Golden Visa applications spend in processing (which historically could be 6–18 months or more) now counts toward the five-year residency period for citizenship. In other words, your “five-year clock” to Portuguese citizenship starts from the date you submit your Golden Visa application, rather than from the permit issuance date – effectively streamlining the wait for naturalization. And as of late 2023, Portugal’s immigration authority SEF has been replaced by AIMA (Agência para a Imigração e Mobilidade), which is implementing a more digital, efficient application process. AIMA aims to clear the backlog of Golden Visa cases by June 2026, potentially reducing the long processing delays that have plagued the program

Why Choose Portugal’s Golden Visa? – Key Benefits

Portugal’s Golden Visa remains one of the most attractive residency-by-investment programs in the world, especially for Americans and other non-EU investors seeking a “Plan B” in Europe. Here are the top benefits and unique advantages of the Portuguese Golden Visa:

  • Fast Track to EU Citizenship: Portugal offers one of the shortest pathways to citizenship among investment visas. Golden Visa holders can apply for naturalization after just 5 years of residency, compared to 7–10+ years in many other countries. Successful naturalization grants a Portuguese passport, ranked 3rd most powerful in the world (visa-free access to 175+ countries, including the U.S. and UK). Portugal also allows dual citizenship, and the U.S. imposes no restrictions on dual nationality, so Americans can keep their U.S. passport while adding a Portuguese one.

  • Minimal Residency Requirement: The Golden Visa’s physical stay requirement is extremely low – just 7 days per year on average (14 days every two years). This means you do not need to move to Portugal or disrupt your life to maintain the visa. You can keep your primary residence and career elsewhere (e.g. in the U.S.) while still working toward EU residency rights. This flexibility is a huge draw for busy investors.

  • Family Inclusion: The program extends to immediate family members through family reunification. A single investment can cover the main applicant’s spouse, children, and dependent parents for no additional investment. Family members receive the same residency rights and timeline to citizenship. Notably, children born in Portugal to Golden Visa holders can also gain Portuguese citizenship under certain conditions, and Portuguese citizenship (once granted) can be passed to descendants. The Golden Visa thus offers a multi-generational benefit.

  • Freedom of Movement: Golden Visa residents can live, work, and study in Portugal freely, and travel visa-free across the Schengen Area (26 European countries). Even before obtaining a passport, your Portuguese residence card allows unlimited travel throughout EU/Schengen countries. If you become a citizen, you gain full EU rights to live and work in any EU country. In essence, the Golden Visa is a gateway to Europe for you and your family.

  • High Quality of Life: Portugal is regularly ranked among the safest, most livable countries. It was the world’s 7th safest nation in 2024, boasts excellent healthcare and education (including international schools), and offers a rich cultural lifestyle with sunny climate, beautiful beaches, and vibrant cities. The cost of living is also far lower than in the U.S. for comparable quality (e.g. rents ~60% lower in Lisbon than in Washington, DC). Many Golden Visa investors initially spend minimal time in Portugal, but appreciate having the option to settle or retire there in the future.

  • Tax Advantages & Flexibility: Simply holding a Golden Visa does not make you a tax resident in. If you stay less than 183 days/year (as most Golden Visa holders do), you owe no Portuguese tax on your worldwide income – no extra filing burden, no global wealth tax, no capital gains tax in Portugal on your foreign investments. Even income from your Golden Visa investment (e.g. fund dividends) is generally not taxable locally if you’re a non-resident. This is ideal for U.S. citizens, who can maintain their normal IRS filing and taxation at home without triggering new taxes abroad. (Note: If you do decide to relocate to Portugal and spend >183 days/year there, you’d become a tax resident and subject to Portuguese taxes – in that case, consult a tax advisor on foreign income and any applicable tax treaties or new incentive programs.) Additionally, Portugal has no inheritance or gift tax on worldwide assets (only a 10% stamp duty on Portuguese real estate passed to distant relatives), and no wealth tax, making it very friendly for high-net-worth individuals.

  • Strong Legal Rights & Stability: Portugal’s Golden Visa program is enshrined in law and has enjoyed broad political support over the years. Even amid policy tweaks, the government has reassured investors that their acquired rights will be respected. Residency obtained via Golden Visa grants you the same legal protections as any resident. Moreover, Portugal’s legal system and property rights are robust, adding security to your investments. Mercan Group further enhances investment security by offering a guaranteed buyback option in its fund, ensuring a clear exit strategy after the required holding period.

Why you should invest with Mercan

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Portugal Golden Visa Investment Fund Options (2025)

To qualify for a Portuguese Golden Visa in 2025, you must make one of the approved investments in Portugal. With real estate off the table, the program now focuses on business and public-interest investments. All options require a minimum holding period of 5 years (you must maintain the investment until you become eligible for permanent residence/citizenship). Below is an overview of the current Golden Visa investment options:

  • 💼 €500,000 Investment in a Qualifying Fund: Invest at least €500,000 into a qualifying Portuguese investment fund or venture capital fund. The fund must be accredited for Golden Visa purposes, which after 2023 means it cannot have any real estate assets or. This route has surged in popularity as it’s passive and straightforward – you become a limited partner in a fund managed by professionals. Many funds focus on Portuguese startups, private equity, or sectors like tech, renewable energy, or hospitality. For example, Mercan’s Private Equity Fund I (MPEF I) is a Golden Visa-qualified fund investing in Portugal’s hospitality sector (hotels and resorts). It targets €140M in total assets, offers a fixed annual return, and includes a buyback at year 6, giving investors a secure exit. The fund option requires no additional job creation; your stake alone fulfills the requirement. Note: Historically, this was a smaller category (only ~617 visas via funds through 2023), but with real estate banned, fund investments are now among the primary Golden Visa pathways.
  • 🏢 Business Creation and Job Creation: There are two related avenues here:

    1. Create at least 10 jobs in Portugal (full-time positions for Portuguese residents); OR

    2. Invest €500,000 in an existing Portuguese company and create or maintain at least 5 new permanent jobs for at least three years.

    These are often called the “entrepreneur” or company investment routes. Essentially, you can either start a new business or inject capital into an existing one, but in both cases you must hire local employees. This route can be attractive for those who want to expand a business to Europe. However, keep in mind the ongoing responsibilities – meeting payroll, managing operations – and the fact that Portugal’s labor costs, while lower than the U.S., are not the cheapest in Europe (minimum wage ~€820/month, average salaries ~€1,400 nationwide). The upside is that there’s no fixed donation; your investment is in your own business which could yield profit. But given the complexity, many investors opt for the fund route unless they have a specific business plan in Portugal.

  • 🔬 €500,000 in Scientific Research: A €500,000 contribution to research in science or technology qualifies as. This typically means donating to a public or private scientific research institution in Portugal (often via a research fund or university project). In practice, this route has been seldom used (only 1 visa via research donation through Sep 2023), possibly due to lack of familiarity and no financial return on the donation. It’s an option if you’re passionate about supporting innovation (or if structured as a grant, potentially naming rights or other recognition could be possible). But be prepared that this is essentially a donation – you likely won’t get this money back.

  • 🎨 €250,000 in Cultural Heritage or Arts: The lowest-cost option is a €250,000 contribution to cultural projects in. This involves supporting the arts, national heritage restoration, or cultural heritage preservation. For instance, investors have funded museum renovations, arts foundations, or heritage sites. Like the research path, this is a non-refundable donation. A few cultural Golden Visa projects have been organized (often in partnership with government-approved foundations) – e.g. restoring historical theaters or funding art installations – but spaces can be limited and it’s somewhat niche (only ~13 visas via cultural donations through 2023). Still, it’s the cheapest entry point if your primary goal is residency and you are comfortable with a philanthropic contribution.

If you come across older articles mentioning €280k or €350k real estate deals in low-density areas, or €1M capital deposits – note that those no longer apply as of 2024. The focus now is firmly on funds, business, or donations.

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Comparing the Investment Paths

Each investment route has its pros and cons. Here’s a quick comparison:

  • Simplicity: Fund investment and donations are very hands-off – minimal management required. Business/job creation is hands-on, requiring active involvement or hiring management.

  • Capital at Risk: Fund investments carry investment risk but are diversified and potentially profitable; some, like our Fund (Mercan)’s, even offer fixed returns and capital. Donations (research/culture) have no return (pure cost). Business investment risk depends on your venture’s success.

  • Total Cost: Cultural donation is the lowest entry (€250k) but it’s a sunk cost. Funds and business require €500k but you may recover your capital (and earn returns) after 5+ years. Also factor fees: funds charge management fees (~1-2% annually typically), businesses have operating costs, and all routes incur legal/government fees (covered later).

  • Approval Track Record: The fund route has become most popular post-2022 and has a clear process with many investors precedents. Donations are less common but straightforward if through approved channels. Business route requires proving job creation to authorities, which can be more involved during renewals.

  • Suitability for Americans: U.S. citizens should ensure any fund chosen is FATCA-compliant and accepts U.S. persons (many do, including Mercan’s fund and other major funds – Nomad Gate notes which funds allow U.S. investors). Business investors from the U.S. might face an extra learning curve with Portuguese labor law and taxes. Donations have no U.S. implications beyond using post-tax dollars; they may even be tax-deductible – though likely not, since the donation is overseas.

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Eligibility and Requirements

Now that you know the investment options, let’s confirm who is eligible for the Portugal Golden Visa and what requirements applicants must meet. The criteria are straightforward:

  • Non-EU/EEA/Swiss Citizen: The Golden Visa is only open to third-country nationals (i.e. not citizens of an EU member state, EEA country, or Switzerland). Americans, Canadians, Brits, Australians, Chinese, Russians, South Africans, etc. – all qualify. (If you are an EU citizen or have EU permanent residence, you don’t need a Golden Visa – you already have freedom of movement in Portugal.)

  • Adult (18+ Years Old): Applicants must be at least 18 years of age. There’s no maximum age, and no special senior requirements – retirees are welcome. Children cannot be primary applicants, but can be included as dependents.

  • Clean Criminal Record: You must not have a serious criminal conviction on your record. Specifically, you’ll need police clearance certificates from your country of origin (and country of residence, if different) showing no criminal convictions above a certain severity (generally crimes with over 1-year prison sentences could disqualify). Minor offenses or old convictions might be considered case-by-case. Portugal also conducts its own security checks. Essentially, the program is intended for reputable investors.

  • Make a Qualifying Investment: You must commit to one of the qualifying investments in Portugal (from the list in the previous section) and maintain it for at least five years. This means the money should stay invested in Portugal throughout the Golden Visa period. For example, if you choose a fund, you hold your fund units for 5+ years; if you donate to culture, that’s immediate and done; if you start a business, you keep it running with required jobs for at least 5 years. Selling or withdrawing the investment too early can jeopardize your visa and future citizenship application.

  • Minimum Stay Requirement: Portugal requires Golden Visa holders to spend at least 7 days in country in the first year, and 14 days in each subsequent two-year period. This averages to just 7 days per year (which can be accumulated in one trip or multiple). With the new 3-year card, it’s expected you’ll need about 21 days over three years. This requirement is very lenient – essentially a short vacation in Portugal each year will satisfy it. You’ll need to keep travel records (passport stamps, etc.) to prove you met this when applying for renewals or citizenship. Most investors find this easy; many spend more time simply because they enjoy visiting Portugal!

  • Basic Documents and Health Insurance: Along with proof of investment and clean record, you’ll need a valid passport and likely health insurance covering Portugal (at least for the initial application, to show you won’t be a public burden). Portugal doesn’t demand any specific educational degree, language skill (for residency), or management experience – there are no education or language prerequisites to get the Golden Visa. (Language only comes into play if you later apply for citizenship, where an A2 basic Portuguese exam is required.) You’ll also need to obtain a NIF (Portuguese tax ID number) and a local bank account to make the investment – a lawyer or advisor usually helps with these as part of the process.

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How to Apply for the Portugal Golden Visa – Step by Step

Applying for a Golden Visa involves several steps, but with proper planning it’s very manageable. Most applicants hire a local immigration lawyer in Portugal to handle the paperwork and appointments, which is highly recommended for a smooth experience. Below is an overview of the application process and timeline:

1. Choose Your Investment Path and Prepare Funds – First, decide which qualifying investment you will pursue (fund subscription, business, donation, etc.). Perform due diligence on the specific fund or project, and ensure you have the required capital ready (plus extra for fees). You’ll typically need a Portuguese bank account to fund the investment; opening one may require a short trip or can sometimes be done via a representative. Simultaneously, obtain your Portuguese NIF (tax ID) – this can often be done through a fiscal representative or lawyer remotely.

2. Gather Required Documents – Collect all necessary documents for the application. Key documents include: passport copies; police clearance certificates from your country (issued within 3 months); proof of health insurance; proof of investment (e.g. fund subscription certificate or bank statement showing transfer); payment receipt for the application fee; and personal statements or forms provided by the immigration authorities (like an application form and affidavit of compliance). Documents not in Portuguese or English will need official translations and apostilles. Your attorney will provide a full checklist and help notarize and translate as needed.

3. Make the Investment – You must complete the investment before applying (or at least firmly commit, such as signing a fund subscription and transferring the funds into the fund’s account or escrow). For a donation, that means transferring the €250k/€500k to the designated entity. For a business, it means incorporating the company and depositing capital, or providing evidence of job contracts if going the jobs route. This step often happens in parallel with document gathering. Ensure you get official proof or receipts of the investment, as these go into your application.

4. Submit Online Application (ARI Portal) – Once your documents are ready and investment made, your lawyer will submit your Golden Visa application online via the SEF/AIMA ARI portal. As of 2025, the agency handling this is AIMA (which replaced SEF). The online submission includes uploading digital copies of all documents. Tip: At this stage you (or your lawyer) will also pay the initial processing fee, around €605 per applicant. The date you pay and submit locks in your “place in line” for processing.

5. Pre-Approval & Biometrics Scheduling – The immigration office will review your application. In theory this should take under 90 days, but in reality initial pre-approvals have been taking 6–12+ months due to high demand and backlogs. Once your application is preliminarily approved, you’ll get an email notification. Next, you (or your lawyer) must schedule a biometrics appointment in Portugal. Appointment slots are offered on a first-come, first-served basis via an online calendar, and they open quarterly. Sometimes there’s a rush to grab slots, as was the case during backlogs. You can choose the location (Lisbon, Porto, or other regional offices). If slots are scarce, you might consider a less busy location for faster scheduling. The good news: With AIMA’s new system, the process is expected to become more efficient and digital in 2025, potentially reducing wait times. Keep an eye on updates and be prepared to act quickly when scheduling opens.

6. Attend Biometrics Appointment – Travel to Portugal for your biometrics appointment on the scheduled date. At this in-person visit, you and any family members included will have fingerprints and photographs taken for your residence card. You must also bring the originals of all documents used in the application. The officials will cross-check originals vs. uploaded copies, so it’s crucial everything is in order. If any document has expired by this time (e.g. police certificates expire after 90 days), bring a refreshed version to avoid delays. The appointment is typically brief and straightforward – mostly biometric data capture and signing some forms. If anything is missing or needs updating, AIMA may request you to submit additional documents after the appointment. (Such requests will come through the portal or email – make sure your lawyer monitors this.)

7. Final Approval (Approval in Principle) – After biometrics, your file goes into the final stage of review. In a few months (historically anywhere from 4 to 9+ months, though hopefully faster under the new system), you’ll receive final approval from AIMA. Congratulations! At this point, you’re almost a resident.

8. Pay the Residence Permit Fee – Upon approval, the next step is to pay the government issuance fee for the residence permit card. This is around €5,000–€5,500 per person for the initial card (the exact amount often cited is €6,045, but that includes a 25% discount for electronic payments, bringing it closer to ~€4,500 – the fee schedules can change annually). For a family of four, these fees add up, so be prepared. Once you pay the issuance fee, the authorities will begin printing your residence card.

9. Receive Your Residence Card – Within a few weeks after fee payment, your attorney will receive your Portuguese residence permit card (or you may pick it up in person). It’s an impressively secure biometric ID card. Typical wait is ~2–3 weeks for printing and mailing, though occasional backlogs at the printing office can cause minor delays. Once you have this card, you are officially a Portuguese resident under the Golden Visa program!

10. Maintain Residency & Renewals – The Golden Visa residence is temporary and requires renewals to remain valid until you reach the 5-year mark. Traditionally, the first card was valid for 1–2 years and then you’d renew for two subsequent 2-year periods. However, recent changes have extended the validity to reduce bureaucracy. Now, after your initial permit, renewals are issued for 3-year then 2-year periods (so you renew only twice instead of three times). In practical terms: you get a 3-year residence card, then a 2-year renewal, covering a total of 5 years. At each renewal point, you’ll submit a renewal application (online) and attend a biometrics appointment again. You must again pay renewal fees (~€3,000 per person for each renewal) and show you still meet the requirements – i.e. you still hold the investment and have complied with the minimum stay (e.g. ~14 days in the first 2-year period, 21 days in the 3-year period – the law is expected to be proportional). Tip: Keep documentation each year of your trips to Portugal (flight tickets, hotel receipts) as evidence of meeting the stay requirement. Also, maintain your investment throughout – do not withdraw funds or sell shares until after the full five years.

11. Apply for Citizenship or Permanent Residence – At the five-year mark (measured from your initial Golden Visa application date, thanks to the rule change), you become eligible to apply for permanent residency or citizenship. Most investors aim for citizenship due to the passport. The citizenship application involves providing proof of 5 years of residency, a basic A2 Portuguese language certificate, a clean criminal record, and proof of integration (for Golden Visa holders, integration is generally presumed if you met the stay requirements). You do not need to continue the Golden Visa beyond 5 years if you apply for citizenship – you can let it lapse once you have either citizenship or a permanent resident card. Note: The citizenship process itself can take 6–12+ months to be approved, and you must keep your investment until citizenship is granted or until you have permanent residency in hand. Once you’re a citizen, you can divest the Golden Visa investment freely (e.g. sell your fund units). Dual citizenship is allowed, so Americans and others can keep their original nationality. Those who choose not to pursue citizenship can instead get a permanent resident (PR) card at 5 years, which does not require renewals every few years or any further investment obligations. PR still grants you Portuguese residency rights, but without an EU passport’s mobility.

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Costs and Fees Breakdown

Beyond the investment amount itself, you should budget for various fees and costs associated with the Golden Visa application. It’s important to have a clear picture of these expenses upfront:

  • Government Application Fees: These are paid to the Portuguese government for processing your Golden Visa and issuing the residence cards. The key fees include:

    • Processing Fee: ~€618.6 per person for each application and each renewal.

    • Initial Residence Permit Fee: €6,179.4 per person on approval.

    • Renewal Fee: €3,090.4 per person at each renewal. 

     

  • Translation and Notary: Document translation, notarization, and apostilles will incur costs depending on your country. Budget a few hundred to a thousand euros for getting all your paperwork in order (police certificates, marriage/birth certificates for dependents, etc., often need apostilles and official translations to Portuguese).

  • Travel Costs: You’ll need to travel to Portugal at least for biometrics . While not a fee per se, factor in airfare and lodging for a couple of trips. The 7 day stay requirement is covered by Mercan 

  • Investment Fees: Depending on your investment, there may be associated fees:

    • Fund route: Funds typically charge a subscription fee (0-5%) and annual management fees (~1-2% of NAV), plus performance fees. Over 6+ years, these fees can total around 10-15% of your investment. However, some funds offset with returns. Be sure to read the fund prospectus.

    • Property (if it were allowed): there would be property transfer tax, stamp duty, and closing costs – but since real estate is no longer an option for new applicants, you avoid those.

    • Business route: consider company setup fees, hiring costs, and ongoing expenses (salaries, taxes, accounting) to maintain the required jobs.

    • Donation routes: Typically, 100% of the donation goes to the cause, but occasionally there might be an administrative fee by the facilitating foundation.

  • Taxes on Investment: As mentioned in the tax section, if you remain a non-tax-resident of Portugal, you won’t owe Portuguese taxes on foreign income or on any capital gains from the Golden Visa investment itself (for example, selling fund units as a non-resident is not taxed in Portugal). However, if your investment yields Portuguese-sourced income (e.g. rental income, or dividends from a Portuguese company) you may owe Portuguese tax on that income even as a non-resident. Most Golden Visa funds are structured to accumulate gains rather than pay dividends, precisely to avoid tax leakage for investors. If you become a Portuguese tax resident, then worldwide income becomes taxable (though foreign tax credits and treaties may mitigate double taxation – beyond this guide’s scope). Portugal did have a tax regime called NHR (Non-Habitual Residency) that offered flat low tax rates and exemptions for 10 years, which many Golden Visa movers used, but the NHR program was discontinued for new applicants in 2024. A replacement scheme targeting high-skilled professionals is proposed, but it’s narrower than NHR was. Bottom line: most Golden Visa investors don’t become tax residents until maybe after they get citizenship, so tax costs are minimal. Always consult a cross-border tax expert if you plan to spend substantial time in Portugal or have specific tax concerns.

 

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Tax Implications for Golden Visa Holders

One of the appealing aspects of the Portugal Golden Visa for many (especially Americans) is the flexibility around tax residency. Here’s what you need to know about taxes:

  • No Automatic Tax Residency: Obtaining a Golden Visa does not automatically make you a tax resident of Portugal. You only become a tax resident if you actually live in Portugal for more than 183 days in a year (or formally declare Portugal as your tax home). Most Golden Visa investors do not meet this threshold, as they only stay ~7-14 days per year. Therefore, most GV holders remain tax residents elsewhere (e.g. in their home country) and owe no taxes to Portugal on their non-Portuguese income.

  • Local Taxes on Income in Portugal: If your Golden Visa investment generates income in Portugal, that income may be taxable in Portugal. For example:

    • Interest from a Portuguese bank account, or dividends from a Portuguese company/fund, could be subject to withholding tax (often ~28% for non-residents).

    • Rental income from any Portuguese property (if one had property) is taxed at 28% flat for non-residents.

    However, many qualifying investments like funds are structured so that foreign investors incur little or no Portuguese tax. Capital gains on Portuguese securities for non-residents are typically exempt in Portugalimidaily.com (the logic being non-resident investors are encouraged). Always double-check the tax treatment of your specific investment with the fund manager or a tax advisor.

  • U.S. Tax Considerations: U.S. citizens are taxed on worldwide income by the IRS regardless of residency. The Golden Visa doesn’t change that – you’ll still file annual U.S. tax returns and report any income from your investments. Fortunately, if the Portuguese investment itself isn’t taxed in Portugal (e.g. a fund that doesn’t distribute dividends), you might only have a taxable event at the end (say, capital gain when you exit the fund). The U.S.-Portugal tax treaty can prevent double taxation if you do end up paying Portuguese tax on something (you’d claim a foreign tax credit on your U.S. return). Also note, some foreign funds can be considered PFICs (Passive Foreign Investment Companies) for U.S. tax purposes, which has special IRS reporting and tax rules. Many Golden Visa funds, like Pela Terra or Mercan’s fund, are aware of U.S. investors and provide necessary documentation (PFIC statements) or structure to be U.S.-compliant. It’s wise to use a U.S. expat tax advisor for any year you have significant foreign holdings.

  • No Wealth or Inheritance Tax in Portugal: Portugal does not impose a net worth tax or annual wealth tax on worldwide assets. And it has no inheritance/estate tax on assets outside Portugal. Inheritances of Portuguese assets to immediate family are also tax-free, and to others incur only a 10% stamp duty. This is much more favorable than, say, Spain’s or France’s regimes.

  • Non-Habitual Resident (NHR) Regime – (Phased Out): Portugal’s NHR program used to allow new residents (including Golden Visa holders who moved to Portugal) to enjoy a special 10-year tax regime: a flat 20% tax on local earned income and 0% on many foreign income sources. Many Golden Visa families who relocated took advantage of NHR for things like foreign dividends or pension income at 0% tax. However, as of January 1, 2024, the NHR scheme is closed to new entrants. If you didn’t establish residency by end of 2023, you can’t get NHR. The government scrapped it amid domestic criticism. In its place, a more targeted “IFICI” tax incentive is being introduced, focusing on attracting highly skilled professionals (scientists, IT, etc.) with a 20% flat tax on local income and some foreign income exemptions. This likely won’t apply to most passive investors. The end of NHR means that if an American Golden Visa holder retires in Portugal now, they’d pay regular Portuguese tax rates on pension and other income (although U.S. Social Security isn’t taxable in Portugal due to a treaty, and foreign pension distributions might be partially exempt depending on interpretation). It’s complex – again, consult a tax pro if you plan to move to Portugal full-time. The key takeaway: If you keep to the Golden Visa minimum stay and don’t become a resident, you won’t be subject to Portuguese taxation on non-Portuguese income. This “tax-neutral” status is a significant benefit of the Golden Visa for those who just want the residency safety net

Portugal’s Golden Visa (residence permit for investment, or ARI) is a renowned residency-by-investment program that has granted over 12,700 global investors and their families a pathway to European residency since its launch in. By making a qualifying investment in Portugal, non-EU citizens obtain a Portuguese residence permit – and after five years, become eligible for permanent residency or citizenship, unlocking one of Europe’s most powerful passports. This comprehensive guide will cover everything you need to know about the Portugal Golden Visa in 2025, including recent legislative updates, all investment options (with a spotlight on Mercan’s fund), eligibility requirements, the step-by-step application process, timelines, costs, tax implications, and frequently asked questions. We’ll also provide tips tailored for U.S. investors and an SEO analysis of how this page can outperform competitors.

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Portugal Golden Visa for Americans – Special Considerations

Can Americans apply for the Portugal Golden Visa? Absolutely yes – U.S. citizens are fully eligible for the Golden Visa program. In fact, the United States has rapidly risen to become the #1 source of Golden Visa investors in recent times. Portugal’s offering is often touted as the ultimate Plan B for Americans seeking greater global mobility and a foothold in Europe. Here’s why Portugal is so appealing to U.S. investors, and what Americans should keep in mind:

  • Dual Citizenship Friendly: Neither Portugal nor the U.S. require you to renounce citizenship. The U.S. government recognizes dual citizenship, and obtaining Portuguese nationality does not jeopardize your U.S. citizenship. Portugal likewise allows dual citizenship. This means an American can become a Portuguese citizen after 5 years and hold two passports – gaining EU rights while still being American. This is a huge draw for Americans who want an insurance policy without giving anything up.

  • Minimal Stay = Easy Commitment: As mentioned, just 7 days a year in Portugal is required. For an American with a job or business stateside, this is very manageable – essentially a yearly vacation in Europe. You don’t have to relocate or disrupt your children’s schooling in the U.S. if you don’t want to. Many American Golden Visa families treat it as a long-term option: keep living and working in the U.S. while the 5-year clock runs, then decide if they want to spend more time in Europe after getting the passport.

  • Fast Path to an EU Passport: The 5-year citizenship timeline is a major advantage for Americans. Alternatives like moving to Canada or Australia require permanent relocation and often longer to citizenship (and those passports don’t give EU access). Other EU residency programs (e.g. Spain, Italy) take 7-10 years for citizenship and usually require actual residency. Portugal is uniquely quick and lenient with the stay, making it arguably the best ROI for an American to obtain a second passport. Especially for American investors worried about domestic instability or just seeking global freedom, Portugal’s passport opens 27 EU countries for living and nearly the entire world for visa-free travel.

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  • Cultural and Language: Portugal has a sizeable expat community and is generally English-friendly, especially in Lisbon, Porto, and the Algarve region where many Americans and Brits reside. Daily life is navigable in English, though learning basic Portuguese is encouraged (and necessary for citizenship). Culturally, Americans find Portugal welcoming, laid-back, and safe. It’s also quite modern – high-speed internet, good infrastructure – making it feasible to work remotely if needed (note: separate from Golden Visa, Portugal even offers a Digital Nomad Visa for remote workers). Many Americans on Golden Visas eventually fall in love with Portugal and spend more than the minimum time because they enjoy it!

  • Popularity and Demand: U.S. demand has spiked, partly due to socio-political factors. With other countries shutting down their investor visa programs (e.g. the UK and Ireland ended, Spain), Portugal stands out. Americans made up about 20% of all Golden Visa applicants in 2023. This American influx means you’ll find plenty of fellow U.S. expats going through the same journey – online forums have dedicated threads for Americans comparing notes. It also means some services have become tailored to Americans (e.g. some funds offer guidance on using Self-Directed IRAs for investment, allowing Americans to use retirement funds penalty-free for the Golden Visa)

Bottom Line for U.S. investors: The Portugal Golden Visa is a highly accessible and advantageous program. It grants an “EU insurance policy” – the right to live in Europe – without forcing any immediate changes to your life. If you value having options for your family’s future or an escape hatch in turbulent times, this program is worth serious consideration. And with discussions that Portugal’s program might eventually tighten or close (depending on political winds), many advisors suggest Americans act sooner rather than later while the opportunity exists.

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FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions about Portugal’s Golden Visa

A: No – despite rumors, Portugal is not shutting down the Golden Visa in 2025. What happened in 2023 is that the government removed certain investment types (like real estate) from the program, but kept other routes open. The Golden Visa program remains active and continues to accept new applicants under the revised rules. Existing Golden Visa holders are unaffected and can renew as normal. Officials have reiterated that investor interest is still welcome in Portugal (especially in funds and job-creating investments). Of course, policies can always change, but as of now the program is alive and well – just more focused on productive investments.

A: The minimum is €250,000, which applies to the cultural heritage donation option. All other options require €500,000 or more – whether it’s €500k into a fund, €500k into a business creating jobs, or €500k into a research project. (The only exception was the old €1.5 million capital transfer, which is no longer available.) In practice, most investors go for the €500k fund investment. Keep in mind, that’s the investment amount; you’ll need additional funds for fees (government fees, legal fees) as described above. Also, if including family, you do not need to invest more per family member – one investment covers the main applicant and dependents.

A: Cheapest: The €250,000 cultural donation is the lowest entry point in terms of amount. However, since it’s a donation, you won’t get that money back. The “best” option depends on your goals: The fund investment is very popular because it’s passive and you can potentially earn returns or at least get your €500k back after 5-6 years. If you are entrepreneurially inclined and don’t mind managing a business, the company investment route could be satisfying, as you’re growing a venture and creating jobs (but it’s more work). Research and cultural contributions are straightforward but amount to a lost sum financially. For most, the fund route offers a good balance of meeting the requirements with limited hassle and upside potential – especially if you choose a reputable fund with a solid strategy (like hospitality, tech, etc.). Always evaluate the fund’s performance and terms; some funds even provide capital guarantees or buy-backs (e.g. Mercan’s hospitality fund with a guaranteed buyback). That can de-risk the investment considerably.

A: The Golden Visa can include your immediate family through the family reunification process. This typically covers:

  • Spouse or legal partner (including common-law partners in some cases, with proof of stable relationship).

  • Children under 18 years old automatically. Also adult children up to age 26 can be included if unmarried and financially dependent on the parents (e.g. students). You’ll need to show they are in school or dependent.

  • Parents of the main applicant or spouse, if they are financially dependent. Usually, parents should be above a certain age (often 65+ for ease of proving dependence, or if under 65, demonstrate they rely on you and have no income).

  • Notably, the program does recognize same-sex spouses/partners equally, and generally is inclusive (Portugal is LGBTQ+ friendly and allows those families the same reunification rights).

All family members will need to also provide documents like clean criminal records (for adults) and meet the general criteria (no EU citizenship, etc.). They receive their own residency cards and enjoy the same rights. Including family does raise the total government fees (since each person pays fees), and legal fees may be higher for more people, but no additional investment is required beyond the initial qualifying investment by the main applicant.

A: It varies. In the past few years, applicants have seen around 1.5 to 2.5 years from application to getting the residence cards, due to SEF’s backlog. However, with the transition to AIMA and process streamlining, this timeline is expected to improve. Optimistically, one might target ~12 months from application to approval under the new system, but that’s not guaranteed yet. Key milestones: You apply (say month 0), get pre-approval (maybe month 6-12), biometrics (month 9-15), final approval (month 15-24), then card delivery (month 16-25). Once you have the card, the “5-year residency” countdown is already well underway (recall it counts from application date now). Many 2022 applicants are only getting approvals in 2024, etc. If you apply now and the system speeds up, you could realistically have your card in 2025. The government has committed more resources to clear pending cases by mid-2026. So the trend is positive. Bottom line: be prepared for possibly a year or more of waiting, and try not to stress – your application counting toward time is a silver lining. Use the time to prepare for your eventual move or citizenship test.

A: For the Golden Visa residency itself, no language requirement exists. You can get and renew the Golden Visa with zero Portuguese language knowledge. However, if you aim for citizenship after 5 years, you will need to pass a basic language test (A2 level). A2 is quite elementary – think of it as conversational basics. Many investors take Portuguese classes during their Golden Visa period or use apps like Duolingo, then take a simple exam (which involves some reading, writing, and speaking at a basic level). The citizenship language requirement is standard in Portugal for all naturalization (even spouses of Portuguese need it). The good news is A2 is not hard – it’s roughly equivalent to being able to handle simple everyday situations and answer basic questions. If you start learning gradually, 5 years is plenty of time to reach A2. There are also exemptions (for example, if you have a condition that prevents you from learning language or for older ages sometimes). But generally, plan to learn a bit – it’s part of the integration process and can be an enjoyable aspect of engaging with the culture.

A: The main obligations are:

  • Maintain your investment for 5 years. Don’t withdraw or liquidate it early.

  • Meet the minimum stay (7 days/year).

  • Maintain clean criminal record. If you get convicted of a serious crime during the period, it could affect renewals.

  • Keep your documentation updated – for each renewal you’ll need new police certificates, etc., so keep an eye on that when the time comes.

  • Notify SEF/AIMA of changes: e.g. if you change address, or if a family member no longer qualifies as dependent, etc. (Your lawyer usually handles communications.)

  • Aside from that, enjoy Portugal! There’s no requirement to contribute or get involved in anything specific. If you become a tax resident, then you’d have to file taxes in Portugal, but if not, there’s no annual filing like some visas have. It’s quite straightforward.

A: Yes. A Golden Visa residence permit gives you the right to live and work in Portugal, just like any other legal resident. You can take up employment (though few do, as most GV investors are financially independent or remote workers). You can also start a business, invest in additional properties, etc., beyond your Golden Visa investment. Many Golden Visa holders use the opportunity to buy vacation homes (though those won’t count for the visa now, you can still buy property as a resident) or even launch startups in Portugal’s growing tech scene. Your family members (spouse, adult children) can also work or study freely in Portugal. Note that if you work and earn income in Portugal, you’d likely become a tax resident, which then invokes normal taxation. But legally, having a GV means you do have access to the labor market. Some families move to Portugal and work remotely for U.S. companies, which is fine (you’d then weigh tax residency issues and possibly use NHR if it were still available, but it’s not for new people now). In any case, having the Golden Visa gives you full flexibility to live an everyday life in Portugal if you choose.

A: Citizenship is not automatic; you must apply for it and meet the requirements. After five years of holding a temporary residence (Golden Visa counts as such) and meeting the stay requirement (which you will have if you followed the rules), you are eligible to apply for citizenship or permanent residency. To get citizenship, in addition to 5 years legal residency, you need to:

  • Pass the A2 language test (as discussed).

  • Have no serious criminal record (some minor offenses might be okay, but anything major could disqualify).

  • Be in good standing with tax and social security (i.e. you don’t owe Portugal money).

  • Show some integration – usually proven by the language test, and they might ask if you have connections in Portugal (own property, memberships, etc., but usually not strict for Golden Visa folks).

You apply at a nationality office or Portuguese consulate, and it takes several months. Once approved, you attend a ceremony or at least pick up a Portuguese ID and passport. From then, you are a dual citizen (if keeping your original citizenship). As a citizen, you obviously don’t need the Golden Visa anymore – you have all rights in Portugal (like voting, etc.) and in the EU. If someone chooses not to go for citizenship (or fails the language test), they can apply for permanent residency (PR). PR has no expiration (just renew card every 5 years with a small fee) and no stay requirement, but it doesn’t give an EU passport. It does let you live in Portugal indefinitely. Most go for citizenship since it’s more beneficial and Portugal allows dual nationality.

A: You can! The Golden Visa doesn’t force you to stay only 7 days; that’s just the minimum. You are free to live in Portugal year-round if you want. If you do, you’d become a tax resident (and as noted, NHR is no longer an option for tax breaks, so you’d be taxed normally). But you’d also integrate faster, perhaps learn the language quicker, etc. Some Golden Visa families initially plan minimal stay but later fall in love with Portugal and move sooner. That’s perfectly fine. The Golden Visa actually offers a lot of flexibility – it’s one of the few visas that doesn’t require you to stay, but doesn’t stop you from staying either. The only thing to be mindful of: if you stay long enough to be tax resident, handle your taxes accordingly. And note if you ever wanted to count those years towards citizenship in another country, you can’t use them elsewhere once you’re Portuguese resident (small point for those considering multiple residencies). But overall, moving to Portugal on a Golden Visa is straightforward – you have legal residency, so you can rent/buy a home, register for public healthcare (after 183 days residence), etc., like any resident. Many find Portugal so hospitable that they do end up residing there at least part-time.

A: Mercan Group is a leading investment and immigration consultancy with a strong presence in Portugal’s Golden Visa arena. Mercan has developed and promoted several Golden Visa-eligible projects, particularly in the hospitality sector (hotels and resorts). They offer an investment fund (Mercan Private Equity Fund) that pools investor capital into hotel development projects in Portugal – an option that qualifies for Golden Visa as a venture capital investment. Mercan’s model often includes developing hotels in partnership with major brands (e.g, Marriott, Hilton), and providing Golden Visa investors a share in the project plus a fixed income and a guaranteed buyback of their investment after 6 years. This approach has attracted many Golden Visa seekers who want a secure, hands-off investment with the residency benefits. Mercan also has a track record in immigration programs beyond Portugal (e.g, Canada, USA EB-5, etc.), having assisted over 50,000 immigrants worldwide. In the context of the Golden Visa, Mercan can guide investors through the entire process – from choosing the right investment (like their fund or projects) to handling paperwork via their network of lawyers, to ultimately securing the residency. Essentially, Mercan’s offerings aim to fill the gap left by the real estate route by providing high-quality investment fund options backed by real assets (hotels) but structured to comply with the new regulations. Investors interested in Mercan’s Golden Visa fund can request a free consultation or download a detailed guide to learn more about the fund’s terms and benefits. (Disclaimer: While Mercan’s projects are designed to meet Golden Visa requirements, always perform your own due diligence or consult independent advice before investing.)

Introduction

The aim of this material is to provide information of some characteristics of MERCAN PRIVATE EQUITY FUND I – FUNDO DE CAPITAL DE RISCO FECHADO (the “Fund”) and is not an offering document for any securities or financial product or a solicitation of any offer to sell any security or financial product or to participate in any trading strategy. This material is intended for your analyses and your preliminary interest in receiving further documents.

Decision to Invest

Any decision to invest in the Fund should be made after reviewing the further Fund documents, which would contain material information not contained herein and which would supersede this information in its entirety, conducting such investigations as the investor deems necessary and consulting the investor’s own legal, accounting, and tax advisors in order to make an independent determination of the suitability and consequences of an investment in the Fund.

No Investment Advice

MERCAN does not provide investment advice of any kind and the decision to request further detailed information about the Fund is a judgement of the investor.

Confidentiality

The information contained herein is confidential information and any unauthorized change, disclosure, reproduction, or sharing of this document is expressly prohibited, and also its disclosure can be restricted by law in certain jurisdictions. The recipient agrees that it will, and it will cause any of its directors, partners, officers, employees, and representatives to use such information only to evaluate its potential interest in the Fund and for no other purpose.

Suitability and Risks

Investing in the Fund is speculative, not suitable for all investors, and intended for experienced and sophisticated investors who meet the required qualifications and who are willing to bear the high economic risks of such investment, which can include, but are not limited to: loss of all or a substantial portion of the investment; lack of liquidity in that there may be no secondary market for the securities and none is expected to develop; restrictions on transferring interests in the Fund; and potential lack of diversification and resulting higher risk due to concentration.

Conscious Decision to Invest

Investing in the Fund must be a conscientious decision and the Investor must evaluate if he is in position to proceed with the investment or not, at the sole risk and responsibility of the Investor. This material is not intended to provide, and should not be relied upon for, any specific investment strategy.

Forward-Looking Statements

This material can contain forward-looking statements, which give current expectations of the Fund’s future activities and future performance. Any or all forward-looking statements in this material may turn out to be incorrect. They can be affected by inaccurate assumptions or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Although the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained herein are believed to be reasonable, any of the assumptions could be inaccurate and, therefore, there can be no assurances that the forward-looking statements included in this discussion material will prove to be accurate.

No Obligation to Revise Statements

In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included herein, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation that the objectives and plans discussed herein will be achieved. Further, no person undertakes any obligation to revise such forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Informative and Non-Binding Nature

All the information provided by MERCAN in this material on the Fund is merely informative and non-binding, intended only to publicize the existence of the Fund, and official information on the Fund should be requested from the Fund’s marketing entity. This document is for informational purposes only and should not be relied upon.

Accuracy and Responsibility

While all of the information in this document is believed to be accurate, we make no express warranty as to the completeness or accuracy of the information, nor can we accept responsibility for errors appearing in the document. None of the Fund’s service providers shall assume or otherwise have any responsibility or any liability whatsoever to recipients, recipients’ affiliates, or any of recipients’ affiliates’ directors, officers, managers, employees, or representatives resulting from the use of the information and material contained in this presentation.

Regulatory Compliance

Interests in the Fund will not be registered under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any state or non-U.S. securities laws, or with any non-U.S. securities regulator, and the Fund will not be registered under the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The securities described herein have not been recommended by any U.S. federal or state or non-U.S. securities commission or regulatory authority, including the Securities and Exchange Commission. Furthermore, the foregoing authorities have not confirmed the accuracy or determined the adequacy of this document. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Terms and Conditions

The terms and conditions of this disclaimer may be subject to change without notice and if any provision of this disclaimer is found to be invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions will continue to be valid and enforceable.